Theory explains how new material could improve electronic shelf life

ScienceDaily (Jan. 9, 2012) — Research by UT Dallas engineers could lead to more-efficient cooling of electronics, producing quieter and longer-lasting computers, and cellphones and other devices.

Much of modern technology is based on silicon's use as a semiconductor material, but research recently published in the journal Nature Materials shows that graphene conducts heat about 20 times faster than silicon.

"Heat is generated every time a device computes," said "Dr. Kyeongjae "KJ" Cho, associate professor of materials science and engineering and physics at UT Dallas and one of the paper's authors. "For example a laptop fan pumps heat out of the system, but heat removal starts with a chip on the inside. Engineered graphene could be used to remove heat -- fast."

It was demonstrated in 2004 that graphite could be changed into a sheet of bonded carbon atoms called graphene, which is believed to be the strongest material ever measured. Although much research has focused on the strength and electronics of the material, Cho has been studying its thermal conductivity.

As electronics become more complex and decrease in size, the challenge to remove heat from the core becomes more difficult, he said. Desktop and laptop computers have fans.

Smaller electronic devices such as cellphones have other thermoelectric cooling devices.

"The performance of an electronic device degrades as it heats up, and if it continues the device fails," said Cho, also a visiting professor at Seoul National University in South Korea.

"The faster heat is removed, the more efficient the device runs and the longer it lasts."

Research assistant Hengji Zhang of UT Dallas is also an author of the paper. Cho and Zhang have published prior papers in the Journal of Nanomaterials and Physical Review B about graphene's thermal conductivity. For the Nature Materials paper, researchers at UT Austin conducted an experiment about graphene's heat transfer. They used a laser beam to heat the center of a portion of graphene, then measured the temperature difference from the middle of the graphene to the edge. Cho's theory helped explain their findings.

"We refined our modeling work taking into account their experimental conditions and found we have quantitative agreement," Cho said. "By understanding how heat transfers through a two-dimensional graphene system, we can further manipulate its use in semiconductor devices used in everyday life." For this purpose, Cho and Zhang are preparing a follow-up article on how to control the thermal conductivity in graphene.

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5 Productivity Ideas For Mobile Marketing Success

Success in mobile marketing requires not just expertise in your niche but also other traits some people ignore. For instance, confidence can endear you to clients. Getting your affairs organized will make you more productive. In addition, your networking skills can land you top-self mobile marketing clients. Here are five other factors you need to know.

1. Single-handling.

Stick to a project until it's 100% complete. It is never advisable to switch tasks in the middle. When something comes to your mind jot it down and refer to it later. This is an effective way doing it instead of making phone calls or Facebook posts in the middle of writing an article or email.

2. Perfection threshold.

Perfectionism is one of the factors that inhabit productivity. Write an article that looks insane. You build momentum and you can actually see how fast you write when you are not worried about anybody.

With a bad first draft you can now, with the same momentum, do a second better draft. The subsequent drafts will, keep improving. If you do this habitually you will improve your speed faster each time.

3. The 30 day habit law.

To be more productive, you need to form habits that increase your efficiency, save time and make you focused. If you currently don't write your following day's goals the previous day, try it for 30 days. If your working hours are erratic, try sitting on your desk the same time daily for 30 days. If you work with distraction, try sitting down for a minimum of 60 minutes working in this block of time each day.

There are many efficiency enhancing habits you need to form to stay unstoppable. You can reevaluate your life and see what habits you need to change.

4. Cross-pollination.

If you are observant enough and interact with other efficient companies, people, process or nations you will see many efficient performances. Online groups could introduce you to faster ways of saving pdf ebooks for easier of retrieval. A martial arts group could help you improve your personal exercise. Your local delivery person may introduce to you routes you can use to negotiate your town traffic faster. Cross-pollination ideas are endless for anyone with the desire to improve.

5. Optimization.

Everybody has routines when handling tasks. And people normally start the day in a certain way. They may start with task A followed by task B, C and D. On some day they may start with task B followed by A, C and D. What you need to identify is the combination that is optimal. In day-to-day activities you must use the processes that are most efficient. Possibly use a chair that makes you type faster or sit in certain angle which makes you think creatively.

To get fully optimized you will need to do several tests and be conscious to observe your feelings, output and other minor efficiency indicators that show your progress.

Mary Wilhite is a Mobile Marketing Specialist, also known as the Mobile Marketing Queen. Teaching small businesses, entrepreneurs, and internet marketers how to attract better customers with mobile marketing devices. Get more of her mobile marketing tips, tricks, and strategies today. Just click here http://marywilhiteblog.com/

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Samsung Galaxy Ace S5830 Smartphone 3G 5 MP WI-FI GPS

The Samsung Galaxy Ace S5830 is an international version of the S5830L quad-band phone. The S5830 is manufactured for the international market and features dual-band operation in the 900 and 1900 MHz frequency segments. It is a 3G device recognizing DLNA networking. If the ISP employed is DLNA-compatible, the dual-band Galaxy Ace is capable of 3G wireless network speeds.

Since the Galaxy Ace S5830 recognizes WiFi networking standard 802.11 b/g/n and employs the Android operating system (v 2.2), it is capable of not only recognizing local public hotspots so one can stay in touch with the Internet for up to 11 hours on one battery charge, but it can also be integrated into a home network that uses an older router than may only recognize 802 b/g, which means that you can use and update this smartphone as part of your home network. It also makes heavy use of Bluetooth technology so you can sync other devices to it or you can sync it to your PC via Bluetooth. The 5 MP camera offers you instant image sharing and with the proper amount of memory one can also handle some fairly sophisticated videography chores.

Since the Android operating system is tied to Google and its wide variety of open apps, one can have access to 200,000 or more apps at this moment. From the manufacturer, it is equipped for to keep in touch with email, texting and SNS so that one can stay instantly in touch with not only friends, family, but also the office through texting and web apps offered.

The S5830 offers a minimalist, yet sophisticated approach to networking as it does recognize Google's networking and should recognize Google's latest social networking option, Google+, an app that allows one to set up a "social circle" of friends, although it does offer a number of safeguards so that one can keep in touch with those whom one wants to keep in touch with, while keeping others out. It is a nice piece of work that helps ensure a bit more network security than other social networking vehicles are offering. They will likely get to this point, but Google will probably be offering even more sophisticated apps. The whole smartphone market seems to be in a huge state of flux at the moment as each network struggles to maintain its top stop.

Google, though, since it is available for PCs and smartphones because of its tight linkage to Android is likely to maintain a slight edge in this department. Speaking of edges, the S5830 offers predictive texting as it fills in the blanks after one has keyed one or two letters. The S5830 also offers SWYPE technology that lets one hit one of two spots on the QWERTY-like keyboard touch-screen app and the Ace fill in the letters one is typing, another type of predictive typing mode. The sensitive touch-screen quickly updates as the Ace runs on an 800 MHz processor and one can install up to 32 GB of microSD memory so one has enough memory to make up for the lack of a super-high-speed processor.

The fully integrated touch-screen also lets one organize contacts into four categories so that one can have the type of display one needs. For example, if one likes a history of emails or texts, one can use the organizer to display the history. Other features of this organizer include allowing one to organize around activity, mail or type of information. All of this information is displayed on a high-resolution HVGA 3.5-inch screen.

The Ace is a compact smartphone that offers one a high-degree of flexibility and web integration thanks to its operating system in a package that is 4.2 inches by 2.4 inches by 0.4 inches and that weighs 3.5 ounces. It also features built-in GPS capability with A-GPS support so that with access to Google Earth and Maps, available through Android apps, the Ace can also act as a sophisticated navigation device as well as a smartphone.

Roberto Sedycias works as an IT consultant for ecommUS

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iPhone 4S - New Features

From the very first time that you picked up an iPhone 4S, you will know how to use it. This is because its revolutionary Multi-Touch interface (using its famous iOS) was specially made for your fingers. Its simple and yet beautiful Home screen will allow you to start everything easily. With the handset's more than 500, 000 apps, you will be able to enjoy almost anything and everything that the app world has to offer. As you can see, the iPhone is made to be elegant and with an intuitive interface. This is capable of making your life easier.

With the latest iteration of the iOS (the iOS 5), the iPhone 4S is now more powerful, easy and fun to use, and innovative. You will also enjoy new things with on this handset. Let us now talk about some of the things that you will love on the latest version of the iPhone.

iMessage - You can now send unlimited messages with your fellow iPad, iPhone, and even iPod touch users who are running the iOS 5. This is also safe and secure to use. You can easily talk to your family and friends at once with the help of instant group messaging. You will also be able to see whoever is reading your messages with its delivery and read receipts. And if that is not enough for you, you can also send pictures, locations, videos, and even contacts. Now, that makes everything easier and fun too.

Reminders - If you are sick and tired of forgetting almost everything then it is high time that you use the help of Reminders. You will never again miss an important date, recipe, errand, deadline, grocery item, and others with the help of this app. You can easily start a list of things that you want to do or remember and easily cross them out when you are done with them. This is a personal assistant that comes in with your handset and one that is for free as well.

Camera Enhancements - If you like to take pictures using your handset, then you will enjoy this feature. You can now access your camera app right from your phone's locked Home screen. You can pinch-to-zoom or use grid lines to get the best shot. You can also focus with just a single tap. Once you are settled with your desired angle, you can then press the volume-up to instantly take your picture.

These are just some of the new features that you will enjoy on your new iPhone 4S.

For the best iPhone 4S deals and iPhone 4S white deals, visit us at Phoneslimited.co.uk.

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The HTC Sensation XL With Instant Capture Camera

The HTC Sensation XL with instant capture camera makes taking photos extremely easy along with the easy to use editing software to provide the perfect photo finish. Additionally, there is plenty of music support along with intuitive features for messaging, social networking and more.

The device provides an active lock screen which has changed the locked screen of the handset into a portal for some of the common features that users are checking, but don't necessarily need to use. For example, you can view missed calls, messages, emails and latest social networking updates form friends without actually unlocking the interface. This provides faster and easier access to what you want. The interface as a whole also provides richer clarity and allows you to enjoy a fuller Web experience when browsing, with multi-window support and the ability to jump straight to common sites such as YouTube or Wikipedia. The intuitive home screen also provides a vivid depiction of the current weather where you are through its graphics, while allowing you to fully customise it with ease, changing the shortcuts and widgets to those you want.

The Sensation XL is essentially a larger version of the HTC Sensation XE respectively, offering a bigger 4.7 inch touch screen (to the XE 4.3 inch), while still maintaining an impressively slim and stylish unibody design. Powered y the Android operating system along with the rich experience of the HTC Sense user interface, the handset is capable of achieving multitasking functions with ease, especially supported by a 1.5 gigahertz processor and 768 megabytes of RAM. Storage capacity of music and other media is an impressive 16 gigabytes, again playing to the handset's name. The phone also provides an internal GPS antenna to aid location based services such as Facebook Places, among other location and social networking applications.

Central to this smartphone also however is its music player. This handset offers the impressively powerful Beats Audio system along with custom designed headsets providing excellent sound quality for music and video playback, while videos are also better watched on its large display. The DLNA connectivity along with other connections provide easy means to share on a television or to a computer also. The handset also offers instant photo capture through its 8 megapixel camera with dual LED flash among its other features.

The HCT Sensation XL is a large, yet extremely thin handset offering some fantastically rich hardware supported by great software. The phone provides some of the best features for any user, regardless of which they use most, making it a truly stunning all-round performer.

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The Exciting World of Cheap Contract Phones

There's no denying of the fact that the dropping prices of cell phones is one of the most important reasons behind their popularity. We all remember the days when owning a mobile phone was considered to be something of a luxury which only a handful could afford. The handsets were exorbitantly priced and even the though of owning one by a common man was considered to be sacrilege.

As the number of companies manufacturing mobile phones increased and competition spread across continents, the price of a handset began coming down. Companies realized that the price of a mobile phone was undeniably the most major determinant as to whether it would be popular or not.

But what about the phones that comprised cutting edge technology? These phones, certainly, can't be offered at rock bottom prices. Mobile phone companies were found scratching their heads on how to sell these phones.

It was at this point of time that the concept of a contract phone was mooted. The idea was simple. Offer the handset under a contract to the customer whereby the customer would hire the phone for a particular period of time for a fixed monthly fee. This made high-end mobile phones come within the reach of the common man.

In fact, so much was the popularity of these contract phone deals that companies even started offering cheaper handsets under cheap contract phone deals. A cheap contract phone is almost like adding wings to a customer's dream of owning his favorite mobile phone at a reasonable price. Cheap contract phones usually come with a free handset and many associated benefits. These often include free talk-time, free messages and a host of other features.

Today, companies are offering even the latest smartphones under cheap contract phone deals. Consumers can extract several advantages from the mobile service provider when he enters into a contract which usually ranges between six to 18 months. The period, however, varies between service providers. The advantages that a user gets when he subscribes to a cheap contract phone deal includes reduced call charges, free roaming, discounted charges on data access etc. Many companies, these days, are even offering a second handset to a customer who is subscribing to a cheap contract phone deal.

Cheap contract phones are a win-win situation for both the service provider and the customer. While the service provider or carrier can lock in the customer for a specific period of time and get assured revenues as the customer can't change the carrier before the term expires, the customer is relieved of hassles to recharge his balance after a month so that he can continue talking. Besides, the customer gets to own a handset of his choice which otherwise would have been quite expensive and impossible for him to afford.

So if you're still in two minds whether a cheap contract phone deal would suit you, subscribe to one such deal and be a part of abundant enjoyment. You won't regret it for the rest of your life.

Select from the best cheap cell phones, attractive mobile phone deals, cheap handsets & economical call plans.

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High-speed CMOS sensors provide better images

ScienceDaily (Jan. 13, 2012) — Conventional CMOS image sensors are not suitable for low-light applications such as fluorescence, since large pixels arranged in a matrix do not support high readout speeds. A new optoelectronic component speeds up this process. It has already been patented.

CMOS image sensors have long since been the solution of choice for digital photography. They are much cheaper to produce than existing sensors, and they are also superior in terms of power consumption and handling. Consequently, leading manufacturers of cell-phone and digital cameras fit CMOS chips in their products almost without exception. This not only reduces the demands made of the battery, it also makes increasingly smaller cameras possible.

Yet these optical semiconductor chips are now reaching their limits: while miniaturization in consumer electronics is leading to increasingly smaller pixels around 1 micrometer across, certain applications require larger pixels in excess of 10 micrometers. Particularly in areas where only minimal light is available, such as in X-ray photography or in astronomy, having a larger pixel area compensates for the lack of light. Pinned photodiodes (PPD) are used to convert the light signals into electrical pulses. These optoelectric components are crucial for image processing and are built into the CMOS chips. "Yet when the pixels exceed a certain size, the PPDs have a speed problem," explains Werner Brockherde, head of department at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems IMS. Low-light applications tend to call for high image rates. "But the readout speed using PPD is too low," says Brockherde.

The Fraunhofer researchers have now come up with a solution to this problem -- it is unique and has already been patented. The scientists have developed a new optoelectronic component, the lateral drift field photodetector (LDPD). "In this component, the charge carriers generated by the incident light move at high speed to the readout node," explains the researcher. With the PPD the electrons simply diffuse to the exit; a comparatively slow process but which is sufficient for many applications. "But by integrating an internal electric field into the photoactive region of the component, we have managed to accelerate this process by a factor of up to a hundred."

To produce the new component, the Fraunhofer researchers improved upon the currently available CMOS chip manufacturing process based on the 0.35 µm standard: "The additional LDPD component must not be allowed to impair the properties of the other components," says Brockherde. Using simulation calculations the experts managed to meet these requirements -- and a prototype of the new high-speed CMOS image sensors is already available. "We expect to get approval for series production next year," says Brockherde.

The high-speed CMOS sensors are ideal candidates for applications that require large pixels and a high readout speed: astronomy, spectroscopy or state-of-the-art X-ray photography are among the potential applications. But the sensors are also ideally suited for use as 3-D sensors based on the time-of-flight process, whereby light sources emit short pulses that are reflected by the objects. The time-of-flight of the reflected light is then recorded by a sensor and used to create a fully-fledged 3-D image. This technology is a compelling proposition for applications such as crash protection, as the sensors can precisely record their environment in three dimensions. The Fraunhofer researchers have already developed this kind of area sensor based on the unique pixel configuration for TriDiCam GmbH.

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The Sony Xperia S Provides PlayStation in HD

The Sony Xperia S provides PlayStation in HD allowing you to enjoy gaming through its large high definition touch display along with the power of its dual core processor for speed. The handset also features a 12 megapixel camera for HD, plenty for music lovers and more.

The phone is powered by the Android operating system (Gingerbread) initially, however can be upgraded to Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) when available. This impressive system allows you to multitask and download more apps to your phone, along with great customizable features such as your home screen shortcuts. With this handset you can also download the latest PlayStation games and get playing immediately on your phone. Better than previous handsets though, this device offers the gaming experience through a large LED backlit BRAVIA Mobile Engine 4.3 inch display with High Definition. In addition to that, it also provides impressive connectivity including an HDMI connection, allowing you to connect the handset directly to an HD television and play games or watch movies on a bigger screen.

The Xperia S also allows you to capture great HD videos and photos too with its powerful 12 megapixel camera which is supported by 16 times digital zoom and advanced Exmor R technology, which provides a CMOS sensor to the camera. This sensor recognises poor light conditions and rectifies the problem by allowing you to still capture great photos which you would never remember as having been taken in a dark place. The camera also offers 3D sweep panorama for amazing photos. The handset additionally offers a 720 pixel front facing camera too, which can be used to make video calls in High Definition as well, with a sharper image even when on the move. Video calling supports both Google Talk and Skype services, available for download.

The handset offers great music playing capabilities also, with Sony Entertainment Network present offering thousands of movies to download and watch on the go, along with 10 million songs, it allows you to keep up with all the latest from both Hollywood and the music labels. The MTP mode also allows you to easily share media files and stores them for you, along with ensuring no file corruption. The Wifi support meanwhile, enables you to connect easily to the Web wherever you are with this great handset.

The Sony Xperia S is a slim and well-designed touch handset featuring a stunning High Definition display along with many impressive and powerful features such as its front and back cameras and its operating system. The phone provides plenty for gamers, music and movie lovers, and still has everything else expected of a great smartphone.

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HTC Rhyme - Complement's Your Life

We all want to own something that will make our lives easier. Sometimes, we also want something that will complement our lives. Now, if you are someone like this, then you should check out the HTC Rhyme.

The Rhyme comes with an exquisite unibody design. It is more than a handset; it is basically a complete package. You will fall in love with its accessories too. It has a fashionable wired headset; it has a famous docking station that is capable of transforming to a music center and a powerful alarm clock; and it comes with a charm that sends notifications of an incoming text messages or phone calls. It will truly complement your mood and attire for the day.

With its premium 5MP camera (with 2592 by 1944 pixels) LED flash, instant shutter and autofocus, you will be able to take great shots and with no delay at all. It will also allow you to edit and touch up your pictures just so it ends great all the time.

If you want excellent internet experience, then you can always surf the internet and in style with its multi-window browsing. With its latest Flash support, you won't have a hard time streaming and viewing your favorite YouTube videos or learning more through Wikipedia. You will also enjoy using your favorite social networking websites with this handset. Update your status or share your tweets as if you are using your laptop or your desktop. You can also see your Friends' streams with this handset using the same screen only. Now, that is easy and less the complicated buttons and need for scrolling up and down, or browsing through your phone.

When someone is calling you on this handset, you will instantly see their latest social networking updates or their birthdays when they call you. You can start the conversation with greeting them or commenting about whatever it is that they posted on their walls or tweeted about. This is way better than the traditional way of picking up the phone and saying hello. You can start a livelier conversation and at the same time, never forget about birth dates of your family and friends.

This is truly a handset that will complement your life. This is something that will help you get closer to your family and friends. You can stay connected always and tell them that you care with the help of this amazing handset, the HTC Rhyme.

For the best deals on the HTC Rhyme and the HTC Sensation XL, visit us at Phoneslimited.co.uk.

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Interesting Games in Your Android Mobile Phone

The open source Android platform is growing very fast. You can turn your Android smart phone into a pocket entertainment console by installing games. The touch screen and accelerometer sensor give an awesome gaming experience. Thousands of games are available for Android smart phones. For a long time Android had only some rip offs and incomplete games. We could not even compare Android Market with Apple's application store. But the things got changed now.

Most of the Android phones are cheaper than Apple iPhone. Android has a wide selection of smart phones in different price ranges. This lead many people to choose Android phones. Now Android is the most widely used smart phone platform. Because of the popularity of Android, the game developers around the world began to bring their works to this platform. Now Android has a wide selection of great games.

Android market is an application that comes with all Android devices. Users can easily install apps and games from Android market. It has both paid and free applications and games. The apps and games are listed in different categories in Android market. It has featured, top free and top paid apps tabs for easy browsing. The search function in Android market is very helpful to the users. Here is the list of the most interesting Android Games.

Angry Birds

Angry Birds is one of the most popular games. Angry Birds is physics based puzzle game with beautiful graphics. In this game you have to eliminate the evil pigs by slingshots using the birds and retrieve their eggs. You have different types of birds with different abilities to kill the pigs. This is a highly interesting game. There are a lot of Angry Birds fans around the globe. Angry Birds game is free in Android market. This game is available in three versions. The latest update released in December 2011 includes a new chapter named Bird Day Party. It has fifteen levels and updated graphics.

Cut the Rope

Cut the rope is a really interesting puzzle game. In this game your objective is to feed a cute monster. There is a candy is tied with ropes. You have to cut the ropes in a way that the candy would fall directly to the mouth of the hungry monster. This game has awesome cartoon style graphics. Cut the rope is a highly addictive fun game.

Drag Racing

Drag racing game is different from conventional racing games. It is an interesting game between two cars in a straight track. The fastest car between the two wins the game. This game has a wide selection of cars available. The multiplayer option allows you to play with your friends through Internet. By winning the races you can get points. You don't need to steer the car in drag racing. Your performance in this game depends upon timely gear shifts. The game play is easy and simple. Using the points you can buy new cars and upgrade your cars. Drag racing is a highly interesting racing game.

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How To Keep Your iPhone Protected

As an iPhone owner there are a lot of things that you need to understand and the safety of your iPhone is one of those things. One of the biggest things that you need to worry about is keeping your iPhone safe. A lot of people forget that an iPhone is a very valuable piece of equipment and some people will just take them when they see them laying around. You should not only worry about somebody stealing your iPhone, you need to be careful as to what you do with it as well.

I know what you are thinking, "How tough can it be to keep an iPhone safe"? The reason most iPhones are not safe is because the owners of them tend to forget the most basic things to ensure they don't get wet, don't crack the screen or even to protect them from getting stolen. Being that most people think they know how to keep their iPhone safe, I am going to share with you the best and most basic ways to protect your phone at all times.

Methods To Keep Your iPhone Safe

Never Shower With iPhone - The biggest problem with showering with your iPhone in the room is that the steam gets inside the phone and will cause rust and corrosion of the parts. If you are set on taking your phone into the bathroom with you every time you go, then I recommend putting a shirt or something over the top of is so that no moisture gets to it.

Put Screen Cover On - The best part about a screen cover is that it will protect your phone from scratches and minor cracks. The reason this helps is because the thicker the front screen is, the harder it has to fall to actually crack. Something else I suggest is that you face the screen inwards towards your body when it is in your pocket. The entire reasoning behind this is to eliminate accidental cracking due in part to running into corners or getting up from tables too quickly.

Lock Your Phone - One of the things that a lot of people do infrequently is lock their phone and this is a very easy thing to do. Locking your phone is one way to ensure that your phone isn't taken. What normally happens is if an iPhone is locked the person who has it will just put it down and not even bother with it. Trust me, locking your phone is easy and it works.

Now that you know a bunch of different ways to keep your phone safe, I highly recommend that you do. Don't just think that nothing can happen to your phone because you take care of it because most of the problems are causes by basic mistakes.

Whether you received a free iPhone or you paid for it, you still need to protect it. Trust me, just because there are iPhone 4 deal out there, you should never have to buy another phone due to lack of protection.

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The iPhone 4S Provides the Powerful A5 Processor

The iPhone 4S provides the powerful A5 processor which delivers a dual core experience up to seven times faster with graphics processing. This allows better speed and faster responsiveness with the newest iPhone which also offers a better camera, newer and improved operating system, and advanced voice commend software.

The handset comes with Siri a new voice command and recognition system which enables you to speak directly to the phone and converts what you are saying to the appropriate app. For example, when you ask "Do I need an umbrella?", it will understand the request as to what the weather is like and answer the question appropriately. You can also input new events and meetings into your calendar using the intuitive and almost futuristic application. Other capabilities include being able to make phone calls, send messages, set reminders and ask for a contact's number. It is a voice commanded personal assistant on your mobile, and one of the new features added to the updated iOS 5 operating system respectively. The new OS boasts over 200 new features on its iOS 4 predecessor. Some of the new features include the internal iOS 5 messaging service iMessage, the Notification Centre which organises notifications for you, and full Twitter integration for social networking and more.

The iPhone 4S still includes the newer sleek design and the impressive Retina display while the 8 megapixel camera is now capable of video recording in High Definition. The camera is still supported by an LED flash, face detection and more, accompanied by a front facing VGA camera capable of 30 frames per second. Other major features of the phone include the ability to store and backup your music and other media as well as files to the new iCloud data service, and more built-in apps which come automatically on the handset such as Newsstand offering easier subscriptions to magazines on your phone. The Find My iPhone tracking is a great security benefit meanwhile, allowing you to trace your handset's location, send a message to it and remotely erase its data if necessary.

The iPhone 4S is a powerful handset which offers some of the most advanced features available for any smartphone on the market. The camera is easy to use yet powerful, and the new operating system allows you to do more, and faster along with the A5 processor. There are more features and apps already installed too, allowing you to get going with the handset faster and do many things.

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What Are External Cell Phone Antennas?

There are several different cell phone antenna options to consider when selecting one for your home or personal use. This can be confusing for the average consumer who cares more about if it works than really how it works. There is also no shortage of advice about how to boost cell phone signals when conducting a search online.

Firstly and least expensive is to consider asking for advice from your existing carrier when you're having signal problems. They can sometimes offer some good advice or recommendations to correct the problem. Alternatively you can tackle this issue on your own by installing a cell phone antenna.

Depending on your needs you will need to decide on the best plan of action. The choices range from small personal cell signal boosters to larger exterior antenna's for your home / office and everything in between.

Cell phone antennas work by boosting the existing phone signal not creating the signal such as the case with femtocell that utilizes the internet and wifi. This method is also not supported by some carriers and is of greater value to those who travel frequently overseas. For auxiliary cell phone antennas or signal boosters to work at peak efficiency the location of the intended install must be receiving at least on bar of service.

By boosting your cell phone signal you will experience fewer dropped calls and less interference such as static interruption.

Elevators, car tunnels, basements, warehouses or living in a mountainous or hilly landscape can all easily disrupt your cell service and require the use of a cell phone antenna or signal booster.

When selecting the right antenna cheaper is not always better. Common sense would tell us that placing a small sticker like antenna underneath the phones battery will not improve the signal whatsoever. You may have seen this type of antenna on TV as they are commonly sold via infomercials. Really if a $6 device could solve the problem wouldn`t every manufacture build it in or at least offer it as an upgrade to its customers.

Additionally consider the number of users that could benefit from the device you purchase. Selecting an antenna for your home will solve the entire family's signal problems not just on one individual device. However if portability is key for you than a multi function device that can be used in the car, home, office or hotel are available and should be considered. These will have limited range and are really designed for use in smaller spaces or for individual users.

Cell phone antenna boosters are easy to install and require no additional adjustments to your phone. They simply amplify and enhance the incoming and outgoing signals creating superior reception.

These antennas work on both 800 & 1900MHz including 3g networks, data, streaming and photo sharing. With more people gravitating away from standard home phone service this can be a game changer. Households experiencing weak and sporadic signal strength who felt the need to maintain traditional service are now free to eliminate it altogether. Take this cost saving into account when you purchase a cell phone booster for your home.

The booster does not incur any monthly fees and can provide years of carefree reliable service. The costs can range from $75 to several hundred depending on the requirements but should be considered a wise investment and the intermingling of our lives and technology continues to grow rapidly.

Consider a cell phone antenna or cell signal booster for your home or office. Believe me everyone will certainly be grateful if you've been dealing with dropped calls and crackling static for any length of time.

The Absolute best Cell Phone Signal Boosters For The Absolute Lowest Price - get a Cell Phone Booster For Home, the office or your vehicle. Lowest prices anywhere online.

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Travel Confidently With International Cell Phone Rental

Whether you are traveling abroad for business or pleasure, getting a global phone or an international cell phone rental is a wise option. It is cheap as well as convenient. Along with the international phone, you should opt for a suitable SIM card.

Getting an international SIM card might not be enough for connectivity when you are traveling abroad. In certain countries, you will need to rent an international phone as well. This is because the operating frequencies of cell phones often differ from country to country. So a cell phone that has been made to work in one country will not work in another country, even if you get a SIM card of the second country. Many travelers are therefore now opting to get an international cell phone rental plan that will enable them to stay in touch wherever they are.

Convenience: A global phone gives you the convenience of staying in touch with your friends and family wherever you are. An international phone is a GSM unlocked mobile phone that is compatible with global cell phone operating networks. It also has to be of the right frequency. Not every phone can be used in every country. Different countries may use different frequencies. While choosing a global phone make sure that it can be used in the location you are planning to go to.

An international cell phone rental is the perfect solution for the infrequent traveler. Without this device, you have to depend on other sources like somebody else's phone or the hotel's. Failing that, you will have to buy a new one for yourself. By renting an international phone, you do not have to depend on others or buy a phone that you are unlikely to use back home.

Package deal: More and more telecom companies today offer a global phone with a complete package. After all, a phone will be useless by itself. When going for international cell phone rental, look for the whole package and not just the phone. This will include the phone, an international SIM card, and a charger. All these again have to be compatible with your destination.

Like the international phone, SIM cards too come in many varieties. You can opt for a country-specific card if you are planning your trip to only one destination or go for global cards that have a wider coverage. Similarly, the charger must also be bought according to the country as different countries have different standards for sockets.

Cost effective: While some people may balk at the idea of getting a phone for a short term, in the end an international phone saves you both time and effort. Whether for business or personal use connectivity can prove valuable in a foreign country. Look for rental packages that are reasonable. International SIM cards can save your roaming bills, give you local call rates and competitive international call rates.

A global phone ensures that you can get in touch with your family from any place. On foreign soil, you can reach out for help whenever you are stuck in a jam.

The author of this article is expert in writing articles about international phone rentals and world cell phone rental. Author has also written many articles on international sim card.

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Slippery when stacked: Theorists quantify the friction of graphene

ScienceDaily (Jan. 11, 2012) — Similar to the way pavement, softened by a hot sun, will slow down a car, graphene -- a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon with wondrous properties -- slows down an object sliding across its surface. But stack the sheets and graphene gets more slippery, say theorists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), who developed new software to quantify the material's friction.

"I don't think anyone expects graphene to behave like a surface of a three-dimensional material, but our simulation for the first time explains the differences at an atomic scale," says NIST postdoctoral researcher Alex Smolyanitsky, who wrote the modeling program and co-authored a new paper about the study. "If people want to use graphene as a solid-state lubricant or even as a part of flexible electrodes, this is important work."

With the capacity to be folded, rolled or stacked, graphene is super-strong and has unusual electronic and optical properties. The material might be used in applications ranging from electronic circuits to solar cells to "greasing" moving parts in nanoscale devices.

Friction is the force that resists the sliding of two surfaces against each other. Studying friction at the atomic scale is a challenge, surmountable in only the past few years. The NIST software simulates atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a molecular dynamics technique. The program was used to measure what happens when a simulated AFM tip moves across a stack of one to four graphene sheets (see image) at different scanning rates.

The researchers found that graphene deflects under and around the AFM tip. The localized, temporary warping creates rolling friction or resistance, the force that exerts drag on a circular object rolling along a surface. Smolyanitsky compares the effect to the sun melting and softening pavement in the state where he got his doctoral degree, Arizona, causing car tires to sink in slightly and slow down. The NIST results are consistent with those of recent graphene experiments by other research groups but provide new quantitative data.

Most significantly, the NIST study shows why friction falls with each sheet of graphene added to the stack (fast scanning also has an effect on the friction). With fewer layers, the top layer deflects more, and the friction per unit of AFM contact force rises. The top surface of the stack becomes less yielding and more slippery as graphene layers are added. By contrast, the friction of three-dimensional graphite-like material is virtually unaffected by deformation and rolling friction, and is due instead to heat created by the moving tip.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

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Journal Reference:

A. Smolyanitsky, J. Killgore, V. Tewary. Effect of elastic deformation on frictional properties of few-layer graphene. Physical Review B, 2012; 85 (3) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.035412

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New technology tightens cyber security

ScienceDaily (Jan. 6, 2012) — Signcryption is a technology that protects confidentiality and authenticity, seamlessly and simultaneously.

For example, when you log in to your online bank account, signcryption prevents your username and password from being seen by unauthorized individuals. At the same time, it confirms your identity for the bank.

UNC Charlotte professor Yuliang Zheng invented the revolutionary new technology and he continues his research in the College of Computing and Informatics. After nearly a three-year process, his research efforts have been formally recognized as an international standard by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO).

News of the ISO adoption comes amidst daily reports of cyber attack and cyber crime around the world. Zheng says the application will also enhance the security and privacy of cloud computing.

"The adoption of signryption as an international standard is significant in several ways," he said. "It will now be the standard worldwide for protecting confidentiality and authenticity during transmissions of digital information."

"This will also allow smaller devices, such as smartphones and PDAs, 3G and 4G mobile communications, as well as emerging technologies, such as radio frequency identifiers (RFID) and wireless sensor networks, to perform high-level security functions," Zheng said. "And, by performing these two functions simultaneously, we can save resources, be it an individual's time or be it energy, as it will take less time to perform the task."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of North Carolina at Charlotte, via Newswise.

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Graphene reveals its magnetic personality

ScienceDaily (Jan. 8, 2012) — Can organic matter behave like a fridge magnet? Scientists from The University of Manchester have now shown that it can.

In a report published in Nature Physics, they used graphene, the world's thinnest and strongest material, and made it magnetic.

Graphene is a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a chicken wire structure. In its pristine state, it exhibits no signs of the conventional magnetism usually associated with such materials as iron or nickel.

Demonstrating its remarkable properties won Manchester researchers the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010.

This latest research led by Dr Irina Grigorieva and Professor Sir Andre Geim (one of the Nobel prize recipients) could prove crucial to the future of graphene in electronics.

The Manchester researchers took nonmagnetic graphene and then either 'peppered' it with other nonmagnetic atoms like fluorine or removed some carbon atoms from the chicken wire. The empty spaces, called vacancies, and added atoms all turned out to be magnetic, exactly like atoms of, for example, iron.

"It is like minus multiplied by minus gives you plus," says Dr Irina Grigorieva.

The researchers found that, to behave as magnetic atoms, defects must be far away from each other and their concentration should be low. If many defects are added to graphene, they reside too close and cancel each other's magnetism. In the case of vacancies, their high concentration makes graphene disintegrate.

Professor Geim said: "The observed magnetism is tiny, and even the most magnetized graphene samples would not stick to your fridge.

"However, it is important to reach clarity in what is possible for graphene and what is not. The area of magnetism in nonmagnetic materials has previously had many false positives."

"The most likely use of the found phenomenon is in spintronics. Spintronics devices are pervasive, most notably they can be found in computers' hard disks. They function due to coupling of magnetism and electric current.

"Adding this new degree of functionality can prove important for potential applications of graphene in electronics," adds Dr Grigorieva.

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Journal Reference:

R. R. Nair, M. Sepioni, I-Ling Tsai, O. Lehtinen, J. Keinonen, A. V. Krasheninnikov, T. Thomson, A. K. Geim, I. V. Grigorieva. Spin-half paramagnetism in graphene induced by point defects. Nature Physics, 2012; DOI: 10.1038/nphys2183

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Information You Can Get From A Reverse Phone Search Database

For a few years, since the spread of caller identification and text messaging it has been typical to not respond to a phone call when it is from someone who you don't know. Today, determining the owner of the unfamiliar number is simple if you use reverse cell phone lookup services.

Private land line and smartphone numbers aren't included in phone books since they're private. You can only find them using reverse phone lookup services. Luckily, these reverse lookup services permit the public to research any telephone number, even private landlines and mobile phones.

Within 5 minutes of reading this article and following the steps below you will be able to find out exactly who any number belongs to. When you do a reverse cell phone lookup you will find important identifying information such as:

any other phone numbers that the owner has registered in their namethe phone owner's full address, name and possibly the names of their family memberssometimes the report even includes the phone owner's annual household income

Before you decide to pay for any information, you should first get some useful info for free. Below is what you can for free:

You can find out where, within a 50 mile radius, the phone is registered. You can find out if the phone is a cell or a land line and you will be shown if there is more information in the database about that particular phone number. You can then decide if you want to purchase the additional information.

If you are getting phone calls that you want to have stopped the first step is identifying the person who is calling you. Reverse cell phone lookup directories are the solution to most problems regarding strange phone calls.

There is a cost associated with getting the personal information of a caller. Luckily, the price is very low considering the kind of private data you will be getting.

The cost for a single lookup is a one-time fee of $15. A year-long subscription for $45 allows you to make an unlimited number of searches for an entire year.

These are the same databases that are used by the police and private investigators, so you know they must be high quality. The instant search results can be crossed with almost any number entered into the system to help you get more info. Besides just the owner's location you can get a large amount of information out of these databases.

While doing your investigation, you have to make sure that you only work the most reputable reverse cell phone lookup databases. You will know that a directory is reputable when it offers a 100% money back guarantee.

This part is important, so pay attention.

I have done the work for you and found the four best reverse phone search directories. These are the same databases that police and private investigators use and they give you a 100% money back guarantee. If you live north of the border, you can do a reverse phone lookup in Canada.

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Software for analyzing digital pathology images proving its usefulness

ScienceDaily (Jan. 13, 2012) — As tissue slides are more routinely digitized to aid interpretation, a software program whose design was led by the University of Michigan Health System is proving its utility.

In bladder cancer test case, a new software tool developed at U-M separates malignancy from background tissue.

In a new study, a program known as Spatially Invariant Vector Quantization (SIVQ) was able to separate malignancy from background tissue in digital slides of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma, a type of bladder cancer whose features can vary widely from case to case and that presents diagnostic challenges even for experts.

The findings by U-M and Rutgers University researchers were published online in Analytical Cellular Pathology ahead of print publication.

"Being able to pick out cancer from background tissue is a key test for this type of software tool," says U-M informatics fellow Jason Hipp, M.D., Ph.D., who shares lead authorship of the paper with resident Steven Christopher Smith, M.D., Ph.D. "This is the type of validation that has to happen before digital pathology tools can be widely used in a clinical setting."

To test the software's ability to identify cancer in a digital slide, a group of human pathologists first pinpointed the cancer the old fashioned way, by hand. Their work was then used as the gold standard for grading the program's results. Researchers then systematically tested which settings within the program produced the most accurate results -- which can serve as a blueprint for optimizing the software to detect other types of cancer and disease.

Diagnosing cancer and other pathologies from tissue slides has always been part science and part art. Pathologists pore over samples looking for certain structural anomalies or counting microscopic features.

But different pathologists -- or even the same pathologist at different times -- may come to different conclusions based on a number of factors, including whether a slide is viewed at high or low magnification, or even whether the pathologist is fatigued from examining dozens of other slides that day, the researchers say.

Digital tools like SIVQ can help pathologists to quickly, accurately and efficiently identify features on a slide with just a few clicks; to quickly calculate the area of an irregularly shaped feature; or to eliminate the slow and painstaking tallying of tiny elements.

Still, the authors stress, the program isn't intended to replace the skill and art of human pathologists, but to provide an additional resource.

"Not only do our findings show that SIVQ has the potential to be a useful tool in surgical pathologists' toolkits when optimized to aid detection of such a highly variable disease, but the case is an excellent example for how the same approach might be applied to a variety of clinical areas," says Ulysses Balis, M.D., director of the division of pathology informatics at U-M and the paper's senior author.

Balis led the software's design at U-M along with Hipp and former informatics fellow Jerome Cheng, M.D.

Unlike other pattern recognition software, SIVQ bases its matches on a set of concentric rings rather than the usual square block. This allows features to be identified no matter how they're rotated or whether they're flipped, as in a mirror.

An example of the program's flexibility was recently demonstrated by Bruce P. Levy, M.D., a research fellow in pathology at Harvard Medical School. Testing the program's utility in a forensic pathology setting, SIVQ was used to calculate the area of bullet wounds and to identify and quantify stippling, which are small scrapes surrounding some gunshot wounds that help to determine the distance from which a gun was fired.

"Being able to use software like SIVQ to analyze forensic images helps to bring the practice of forensic pathology closer to the high-tech fictional world of CSI," Levy says.

Since the computer-aided analysis of micropapillary urothelial carcinoma might contribute to patient care, the group is making all of their primary data freely available to other doctors and researchers at U-M's online digital imaging repository, www.WSIrepository.org.

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Journal Reference:

Jason Hipp and Steven Christopher Smith et al. Optimization of complex cancer morphology detection using the SIVQ pattern recognition algorithm. Analytical Cellular Pathology, Volume 35, Number 1 / 2012

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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HTC Evo 3D: 4G Is Finally Thrust Into the Third Dimension

Taiwanese mobile phone manufacturer HTC Corporation introduced the HTC Evo 3D was introduced on June 24, 2011. Available exclusively for the Sprint/Nextel network, the smartphone is the immediate successor to the HTC Evo 4G. Although it uses the same super-fast 4G network as its predecessor, the Evo 3D is so named because HTC added three-dimensional picture and video support on the device.

The defining trademark of the HTC Evo 3D is its touch screen. Measuring 4.3 inches diagonally, the screen uses a quarter of the display quality used by high-definition televisions, with a resolution of 960 by 540 pixels. Another notable feature of the touch screen is the ability to view images and video in 3D form without the need for stereoscopic glasses.

Another prominent trademark of the Evo 3D is its collection of cameras. Two 5-megapixel cameras are positioned at the phone's rear. Possessing autofocus and dual light-emitting diode (LED) flash, the cameras not only take pictures, but can also stream 3D videos into a 3D television set. Moreover, they accommodate an immensely high display resolution, at 2,560 by 1,920 pixels. A third, 1.3-MP camera is placed at the front of the Evo 3D for video chats and geo-tagging.

The HTC Evo 3D runs on the Android 2.3 operating system, which enables the downloading of apps from the Android Market online store. The dual-core 1.2 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8660 processor provides fast response for the phone, while the Adreno 220 graphics processing unit handles the phone's video capabilities. Each Evo 3D comes with 1 GB of data storage space. However, users can expand it up to 32 GB by using its microSD card slot.

Customers can download files wirelessly using the Evo 3D's Wi-Fi capabilities at any available Wi-Fi hotspot. The smartphone also comes with Bluetooth technology, which permits users to exchange music and videos with other Bluetooth-enabled devices such as personal computers or other smartphones.

Regarding sound, the Evo 3D provides a loudspeaker to eliminate the need to press the phone to the ear during calls. A 3.5-millimeter jack is included to plug in headphones and take full advantage of the SRS virtual surround sound quality. This is particularly good for listening to the built-in FM radio or the audio player, which supports MP3, Windows Media Audio (WMA), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and WAV files.

Each HTC Evo 3D has a standard lithium-ion battery. Maximum stand-by time and talk time is measured at around 420 hours and 7 hours 45 minutes, respectively.

For more information about HTC Evo 3d, Please visit: http://www.letstalk.com/.

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Types of Mobile Phones

In North America we call them cell phones, in other countries they are referred to as mobile phones but whatever they're called the technology is the fastest growing in the world. There is now a mobile phone for everyone, whether you just want to make a call or if you need a mini-computer that can do just about anything that a PC or laptop can do.

With some many different mobile phone companies having their hands in the pie, a few giants have been fighting over control of this multi-billion dollar business. Recently AT&T's proposed $39 billion purchase of T-Mobile USA was given the thumbs down by the federal government despite having 93 different lobbyists influencing and twisting arms in Washington and campaign contributions to both sides of the house totaling a staggering $46 million to date.

This is good news for the consumer who will continue to get competitive cell phone rates.

Basic cell phones are still the most widely used worldwide, these are devices that have basic calling capabilities and may be locked or unlocked. If a mobile phone is locked it only works with a specific carrier, for example AT&T, Sprint or T-Mobile. After 90 days many companies are allowing phones to be unlocked or an unlock code can be purchased.

Smartphones and pocket pcs are more complex devices with the convenience of sending and receiving text messages, emails and allowing storage of documents and files. Each brand has its own operating system such as Windows Mobile, IOS or Blackberry.

Pocket PCs are simply smart phones that have touch screen capability. If a phone contains a SIM card then that card can be swapped out between devices, if those devices are unlocked.

The latest pocket PCs and smart phone were one of the most common requests as a Christmas gift this year and millions were wrapped and sitting under Christmas trees.

Careless and improper disposal of all those millions of old cell phones poses an enormous threat to the environment. Mobile phones thrown into the trash end up in landfills, where heavy metals leach from the phones over time and can pollute drinking water.

The solution is to either send your old phone to your carrier for disposal, take it to one of the many electronics stores that provide for recycling of small electronic gadgets, or if the unwanted cell phone is in good condition it can be sold on one of many online sites that purchase old phones or donated to a charity.

Get some mazuma mobile tips and learn more about envirophone uses.

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The List of Best Camera Apps for Android to Enhance Photographs

Currently, there are lots of Android devices which have been loaded with the advanced camera capability. A few of them are already loaded with the high-resolution 12 MP camera, just like the upcoming HTC Vigor as well as Sony Ericsson Xperia Duo. But still there are many customers who usually do not feel completely preferred with the picture or photograph results. Therefore, they may do a search for the 100% free and best camera apps for Android as a way to change or boost their pictures or photos. The following are the examples of the best camera apps for Android smartphones or PC tablets.

Adobe Photoshop Express

This can be probably the most well-known and the best camera apps for Android because it has long been commonly used by either desktop computer or Android handset users for image/photo improving. Fortunately, it is totally 100 % free and this will provide some good functionalities for the needs of image cropping and editing. The functions range from the fast photograph adjusting by utilizing crop, straighten, rotate, flip, and adjust color function. You may also share the photos to the online communities and backup them to Photoshop.com effortlessly as well. This great app is obtainable to download at Android Market.

Pro Paint Camera

The Pro Paint Camera program offers a better image result because it features white balances, 4 filters, 35 cliparts, text fonts, photograph effects, front-facing camera support, instamatic brightness and contrast, silent mode, focus control, including macro, sharing, draw, paint, ISO control (if supported), EXIF, adding your images from the gallery, scene modes, and macro auto-focus. When you're curious about the program, just go to the Android Market and look for it.

Camera Zoom FX

This is one of the 100% free and best camera apps for Android handsets that will deliver the great amount of impressive effects like mirror, art, distort, as well as frame effects. It also offers fantastic editing tools, for example composite yourself along with a movie star, shutter skins option, buddy, borders, fun Props, set filters, anti-banding, white balance, night shot mode, toggle autofocus, timer mode (with voice activation), stable shot along with burst mode.

Photo Album Organizer

Besides, the consumers will need to edit or enhance their pictures, they will likewise need the best camera apps for Android which has the capacity to arrange the photo albums. The Photo Album organizer is amongst the wise decision considering that it offers the quick albums making to obtain a far better photo viewing using your mobile phone. In addition, it possesses the capability to sort and relocate images and hide the albums as well for your privacy matter.

Rangga Cipta Diputra is a writer of various topics, he currently writes for Paseban Portal. He writes reviews, guide and tips about mobile devices, mobile operating systems, mobile apps and so on.

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Theory explains how new material could improve electronic shelf life

ScienceDaily (Jan. 9, 2012) — Research by UT Dallas engineers could lead to more-efficient cooling of electronics, producing quieter and longer-lasting computers, and cellphones and other devices.

Much of modern technology is based on silicon's use as a semiconductor material, but research recently published in the journal Nature Materials shows that graphene conducts heat about 20 times faster than silicon.

"Heat is generated every time a device computes," said "Dr. Kyeongjae "KJ" Cho, associate professor of materials science and engineering and physics at UT Dallas and one of the paper's authors. "For example a laptop fan pumps heat out of the system, but heat removal starts with a chip on the inside. Engineered graphene could be used to remove heat -- fast."

It was demonstrated in 2004 that graphite could be changed into a sheet of bonded carbon atoms called graphene, which is believed to be the strongest material ever measured. Although much research has focused on the strength and electronics of the material, Cho has been studying its thermal conductivity.

As electronics become more complex and decrease in size, the challenge to remove heat from the core becomes more difficult, he said. Desktop and laptop computers have fans.

Smaller electronic devices such as cellphones have other thermoelectric cooling devices.

"The performance of an electronic device degrades as it heats up, and if it continues the device fails," said Cho, also a visiting professor at Seoul National University in South Korea.

"The faster heat is removed, the more efficient the device runs and the longer it lasts."

Research assistant Hengji Zhang of UT Dallas is also an author of the paper. Cho and Zhang have published prior papers in the Journal of Nanomaterials and Physical Review B about graphene's thermal conductivity. For the Nature Materials paper, researchers at UT Austin conducted an experiment about graphene's heat transfer. They used a laser beam to heat the center of a portion of graphene, then measured the temperature difference from the middle of the graphene to the edge. Cho's theory helped explain their findings.

"We refined our modeling work taking into account their experimental conditions and found we have quantitative agreement," Cho said. "By understanding how heat transfers through a two-dimensional graphene system, we can further manipulate its use in semiconductor devices used in everyday life." For this purpose, Cho and Zhang are preparing a follow-up article on how to control the thermal conductivity in graphene.

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The Sony Xperia S Offers a 12 Megapixel Camera for HD Video Recording

The Sony Xperia S offers a 12 megapixel camera for HD video recording and photo capture along wit ha front facing 720 pixel camera for video calls also. The handset has a large 4.3 inch High Definition display with LED backlit BRAVIA technology among its many attributes too.

The slim unibody touch screen handset is available in black or white and offers a stunning display through which you can access some amazing features all on your mobile. The powerful rear facing camera offers 12 megapixel resolution and is capable of recording video in full 1080 pixel High Definition respectively, via the touch of a button. Digital zoom is 16 times, perfect for getting a closer picture or from snapping when further away from your subject. There is also touch and auto focussing, red-eye reduction, both face detection and recognition and an LED flash. The low value (f/2.4) aperture means that the lens opening is larger and therefore allows more light in to reach the image sensor. Additionally, there is a CMOS Exmor R sensor which automatically enhances photos when taken in poor light conditions.

The Xperia S is powered by a 1.5 Gigahertz dual core processor to speedily offer you the Android 2.3 operating system, which is upgradable, and allows you to choose which shortcuts go where and more on your home screen. The Android Market app also allows you to download more applications to run on your handset, of which you can run more than one at any time. In addition to its internal storage of between 1 and 1.5 gigabytes of space, the memory card slot offers swappable storage of up to 32 gigabytes on eMMC also. The WebKit web browser provides a full browsing experience and supports all protocols, images and video in your hand, as well as offering bookmarking, Google search and Google Voice search for faster voice activated searching of the Web.

The phone also has great entertainment features offering both Video Unlimited and Music Unlimited formSony Entertainment Network which together provide a huge library of music and movies to download and enjoy. Additionally, the handset has a media browser and MTP technology for easy media file sharing and backup. For gamers the phone offers easy download of PlayStation games which can also be played in HD on a large HD television through the HDMI connection among other connectivity offered.

The Sony Xperia S is an impressive handset which looks as powerful as it is, offering not only fantastic hardware but also a fast and intuitive operating system which is further supported by great download capabilities. This is a perfect all-round handset for just about any user.

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A Practical Guide to Buy Used Cell Phones

Buying a used cell phone could be quite tricky and can leave you, the buyer, cheated or short-changed. Though there are several good deals on used cell phones that are available in the market, you must look for the lemons.

Here's what you must keep in mind while buying a used cell phone.

What actually is a used cell phone?

First things first, a used cell phone is different from a refurbished phone. The latter is a pre-owned handset which is refurbished or repaired by the company itself. It usually comes with a new battery with the handset settings restored. A used phone, on the other hand, is a pre-owned handset that hasn't been refurbished. It's sold in the same condition as it is.

Which is the right phone for you?

Before starting your search for a used phone, you must consider the features that you're likely to need. It's also wise to set a budget. Are you a game and video addict? Do you like sending messages? Do you need to access the internet frequently? The whole point in considering a used or discounted cell phone is not only to realize a great saving but also avert you from spending more than necessary.

What you see, and don't see, is what you get

Whenever you come across and advertisement for a used or discounted cell phone, be sure to check the actual picture of the handset. Several advertisements try to trick potential customers with pictures of the handset downloaded directly from the manufacturer's website. In any case of doubt, don't buy. Today, almost everyone has a digital camera and shooting a real photo of the phone won't be any problem.

Compare prices

Seasoned bargain hunters know all about comparing prices of discounted cell phones. It's obvious that you're unlikely to buy the first discounted phone that comes your way. Don't get fooled with tantalizing words. Always try to shop around. Comparing prices doesn't mean looking for discounted cell phones only. If you're lucky, you may get a new mobile phone within your budget.

Buy from reputed dealers

Most dealers selling brand new mobile phones often deal in used and discounted mobile phones as well. It's always advisable to buy from a reputed dealer as you won't be duped into buying a spurious or defective handset. You can ask your friend who has bought a used or discounted phone for himself.

Many a time, buying a used or discounted phone beats having a most advanced or state-of-the-art handset. Used mobiles usually come out relatively faster after the introduction of a new handset and if you're lucky enough, you can lay your hands on a phone at a price which is a steal.

As a final word of caution, never buy a handset, the quality of which you aren't sure of. Otherwise, you may end up wasting your money. Besides, it's always advisable to check the quality of the phone personally rather than depending on the assuring words of the seller.

Select from the best cheap cell phones, attractive mobile phone deals, cheap handsets & economical call plans.

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Samsung Galaxy Nexus - Cutting Edge Features

The Samsung Galaxy Nexus is fast, slim, and powerful. It comes with Android's latest platform, the Ice Cream Sandwich (Android 4.0). It is packed with a 1.2 GHz dual-core processor and best of all; it comes with cutting edge features.

The following are some of the cutting edge features that you can expect from the Galaxy Nexus:

Android Beam - With this, you can easily share web pages, videos (YouTube), contacts, apps, directions and so much more. All you have to do to share a link is tap the handset to another Galaxy Nexus. Since Ice Cream Sandwich will be rolled out to other handsets, Android Beam will not be limited to this smartphone alone.

Maps - With this handset, you will be able to find your way whether you are walking through a busy city street or driving through an unfamiliar area. With the help of Google Maps, you will never get lost again. You will be able to easily explore a new city or even the world around you. You can easily find restaurants, malls, coffee shops, and more with the help of this handset and this feature. What is more, you can easily share your location or see actual and live traffic information through your phone.

Apps and Games - You will enjoy staying connected and keeping up with your family and friends with this handset. You can choose from over 300,000 apps and get it wherever you are. You can easily go to the Android Market or use your laptop or desktop to send your chosen apps (wirelessly) to your handset.

Face Unlock - You can now unlock your handset without using a password or touching the handset. All you need is a smile and you are all good to go. This is indeed a fun way to open and unlock your handset. With its cutting edge facial recognition technology, you can easily turn on your handset and look at it to unlock it.

Instant Photo Editing - With this handset, you will get a full featured photo editor. It will allow you to add effects or filter, adjust, straighten, crop, rotate, flip, and do more. This is after you take your pictures. You can always get to the original version and your every edits are automatically saved as copy. With just a simple touch, you can easily share it with your family and friends.

These are just some of the amazing and cutting edge features that you will enjoy on the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.

For the best Samsung Galaxy Nexus deals and HTC Sensation XE deals, visit us at Phoneslimited.co.uk.

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The Things That You Will Enjoy On The Motorola RAZR

When it comes to mobile phones, size matters. But this has been dispelled by the new Motorola RAZR. Thin no longer means that it is weak or frail. The RAZR may be super thin, but it is made with KEVLAR Fiber and Corning Gorilla Glass. These and more makes this mobile phone stronger than other leading smartphones of today.

With the addition of Corning Gorilla Glass, you can say goodbye to scrapes and scratches. You can also say goodbye to losing your handset over to spilt drinks or rain drops. These and other things are nothing when it comes to this handset.

This handset is truly a marvel of engineering. It's impossibly thin design will make you show off to your friends, family, and colleagues. You can beat them with the world's thinnest smartphone to date. You can also tell that this is indeed one of the best looking handsets available in the market today. This is all because of its diamond-cut aluminum accents and its fancy sculpted glass.

You will also own one powerful handset. Its powerful dual-core and 1.2 GHz processor will let you do everything in a fast and easy way. Its 1 Gigabyte RAM will keep the momentum going as well. So you see? It is not just about looks, it is also a powerful handset.

When it comes to the phone's camera, it won't fail you with its 8 megapixel and its 1080p High Definition video recording capabilities. It will give you clear, crisp, cinematic quality images all the time. Your video will be smooth too. This is all because of the technology that helps in stabilizing the said camera. Its front facing High Definition camera will allow you to see eye-to-eye on your every incoming calls.

If you like to browse or surf the net with your handset, then you will enjoy it with the RAZR. With its webtop enabled accessory (which you can purchase separately), you will be able to view your phone's interface using an HDTV or your computer monitor. You will be able to surf, send texts, make a call, run an app, stream videos on a Firefox browser all at once. This is even possible while your handset is charging.

It also has a built-in free app that will allow you to quickly and effortlessly stream your favorite films, videos, and others directly from your computer. Best of all, you can enjoy your pictures and your playlists even if you are away from your house. This is without even using your handset's memory.

These and more are some of the things that you will enjoy on the Motorola RAZR.

For the best Motorola RAZR deals and Samsung Galaxy Nexus deals, visit us at Phoneslimited.co.uk.

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Stretching exercises: Using digital images to understand bridge failures

ScienceDaily (Jan. 11, 2012) — With a random-looking spatter of paint specks, a pair of cameras and a whole lot of computer processing, engineer Mark Iadicola of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been helping the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), in cooperation with the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), to assure the safety of hundreds of truss bridges across the United States. Iadicola has been testing the use of a thoroughly modern version of an old technique -- photographic measurement or "photogrammetry" -- to watch the failure of a key bridge component in exquisite detail.

The impetus for the FHWA project was the disastrous collapse of the Interstate 35-W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota. On Aug. 1, 2007, in the middle of the evening rush hour, a thousand feet of the bridge's main deck truss collapsed, part of it falling 108 feet into the Mississippi River. Thirteen people died. One hundred and forty five were injured.

According to FHWA engineer Justin Ocel, an investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), assisted by FHWA, determined that the immediate culprit was a failed gusset plate, a flat heavy piece of steel bolted in pairs to join the ends of the steel members that make up the bridge truss. As a result of a design error decades before, the gusset plates in the bridge were about half as thick as they should have been.

Although that design flaw was clearly a major factor in the disaster, Ocel says, the collapse highlighted the fact that gusset plates were not generally considered by engineers during periodic reviews of bridge capacity, a process called load rating. It was assumed that gusset plates were properly sized to be stronger than the members they connect. "One of the recommendations from the NTSB was that we include gusset plates in load ratings, and until that point it hadn't been done," Ocel explains. "To assist the states with this process we developed a guidance document on how to load rate gusset plates."

In developing the guidance, Ocel says, FHWA used the best available data on the failure modes of gusset plates in major bridges -- but there wasn't much. So at the FHWA's Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center in Virginia they began building full-scale models of bridge gusset plate joints and pulling them apart with a huge hydraulic test machine.

NIST's Iadicola is there to watch what happens as the plate stretches and fails. He covers the plate with an irregular pattern of paint speckles and then trains a pair of carefully calibrated, high-definition digital cameras on it. The cameras repeatedly image the plate, send the pictures to a computer that uses custom software to compare each image to the previous one, and calculate which of the paint spots have moved, in what direction and by how much. Using two cameras allows the computer to "see" the plate in three dimensions, so it can tell if points on the surface move in or out as well as up, down or sideways.

"The NIST digital image correlation method is a good complement to the FHWA measurement methods," Iadicola explains. "Their techniques -- strain gages and photoelasticity -- are very good for the normal range of stress in which the plate will stretch and spring right back to its original shape. Our method can tell you a little about that, but it really shines in showing you what happens past that point, when the plate starts permanently deforming and finally rips apart. The failure modes."

After more than a year of experiments, Ocel says, the FHWA has learned a lot about how to predict what loads will cause a gusset plate to fail. Currently, FHWA is working with AASHTO to translate those findings into language that can be adopted into the AASHTO Bridge Design Specification and Manual for Bridge Evaluation, two documents used throughout the country for designing and load rating bridges.

The FHWA project is just one of a range of applications for digital image correlation being studied at NIST, Iadicola says. "We've been using it in looking at sheet metal forming -- you have very high strains during the forming process -- and we've used it at very small scales, looking at targets with an optical microscope."

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Nano research could impact flexible electronic devices

ScienceDaily (Jan. 12, 2012) — A discovery by a research team at North Dakota State University, Fargo, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), shows that the flexibility and durability of carbon nanotube films and coatings are intimately linked to their electronic properties. The research could one day impact flexible electronic devices such as solar cells and wearable sensors. The research also provided a promising young high school student the chance to work in the lab with world-class scientists, jumpstarting her potential scientific career.

The NDSU/NIST research team, led by Erik Hobbie, Ph.D., is working to determine why thin films made from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes are superior for potential applications that demand both electronic performance and mechanical durability. "One simple reason is that the metallic nanotubes tend to transport charge more easily when they touch each other," said Hobbie. "But another less obvious reason has to do with how much the films can flex without changing their structure at very small scales."

Results from the study are published in ACS Nano.

The team includes NDSU graduate student John M. Harris; postdoctoral researcher Ganjigunte R. Swathi Iyer; Anna K. Bernhardt, North Dakota Governor's School attendee; and NIST researchers Ji Yeon Huh, Steven D. Hudson and Jeffrey A. Fagan.

There is great interest in using carbon nanotube films and coatings as flexible transparent electrodes in electronic devices such as solar cells. "Our research demonstrates that the flexibility and durability of these films are intimately linked to their electronic properties," said Hobbie. "This is a very new idea, so hopefully, it will generate a new series of studies and questions focused on the exact origins and consequences of this effect."

Such research could potentially result in material that reduces solar cell costs, and leads to the ability to use them in clothing or foldable electronics. Electronic devices currently on the market that require transparent electrodes, like touch screens and solar cells, typically use indium tin oxide, an increasingly expensive material. "It is also very brittle," said Hobbie, "implying that it cannot be used in devices that require mechanical flexibility like wearable or foldable electronics."

Single-wall carbon nanotubes show significant promise as transparent conductive coatings with outstanding electronic, mechanical and optical properties. "A particularly attractive feature of these films is that the physical properties can be tuned through the addition or subtraction of a relatively small number of nanotubes," said Hobbie. "Thin films made from such materials hold tremendous potential for flexible electronics applications, including the replacement of indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays and photovoltaic devices."

Thin films made from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes show better durability as flexible transparent conductive coatings, which the researchers attribute to a combination of superior mechanical performance and higher interfacial conductivity. The research team found significant differences in the electronic manifestations of thin-film wrinkling, depending on the electronic type of the nanotubes, and examined the underlying mechanisms.

The results of this study suggest that the metallic films make better flexible transparent conductive coatings; they have higher conductivity and are more durable. "Our results are relevant to a number of ongoing efforts in transparent conducting films and flexible electronic devices," said Hobbie.

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation through CMMI-0969155 and the U.S. Department of Energy through DE-FB36-08GO88160.

The opportunity to work on such research was new to Anna Bernhardt, a high school junior from a town of 1,000 people in western North Dakota. She was among 66 of the most academically driven high school sophomores and juniors who attended a six-week intensive summer residential program on the NDSU campus for scholastically motivated students in the state.

Students receive concentrated instruction from 40 NDSU faculty through discussion groups, labs, field trips and other activities. The state of North Dakota funds the cost of participation for North Dakota students who are accepted into the program. It's available free to public school students, while private and homeschool students selected for the program can make arrangements to attend for free through their local public school district.

While it is unusual for a young student to be involved in nanotechnology research at this level, it presented an opportunity for everyone involved. Bernhardt prepared single-wall carbon nanotube samples and participated in testing of the samples. "The experience of working in a research setting has helped me to decide that I would love to do more research in the future," said the young scientist. "The biggest benefit of working in the lab was getting a taste of the true research experience. Without North Dakota's Governor's School, I would never have been able to have this experience and surely wouldn't be so certain that I would like to do more research in the future."

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Journal Reference:

John M. Harris, Ganjigunte R. Swathi Iyer, Anna K. Bernhardt, Ji Yeon Huh, Steven D. Hudson, Jeffrey A. Fagan, Erik K. Hobbie. Electronic Durability of Flexible Transparent Films from Type-Specific Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano, 2011; 111220100417004 DOI: 10.1021/nn204383t

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Unlimited and Low Cost Cell Phone Plans

The innovation of mobile phones is one of the greatest achievements of mankind. Mobile phone, also known as cellphone, is a wireless device by which one can make and receive telephonic calls from anywhere to anywhere. It also provides the users with facilities like SMS, MMS, internet services etc. It uses a sim (subscriber identity module) card which provides the mobile phone with the network connectivity making the use of mobile phone possible. Today there are more than 5.6 billion mobile phone users throughout the world and this is certainly because of the availability of low cost cell phone plans. The worth of mobile phones cannot be realized until they have reached everyone making it easy for them to contact their friends or relatives whenever they want with minimum expense.

Low cost phone plans have made it possible for everyone to own a cell phone, even someone from the economically weaker section of the society. The spread of phones to almost all the sections of the society is of great significance. This has made the life of everyone more convenient. The increase in the number of mobile phone users has resulted in the increase in revenue generation making the cell phone a very lucrative and profitable industry. The cell phone service providers offer various plans which are made for the public to get maximum benefits and fulfill their requirements. These plans may be unlimited talk-time and sms plans, internet plans etc...

Simple mobile sim cards are one of the popular sim cards. They provide their customers with the cheapest and simple plans. They offer their customers with unlimited sms, talk-time and internet plans and do not loot them by charging any exorbitant costs. They have a widespread network with max coverage. They are constantly upgrading and reforming their services and endeavor to make their customers happy. They offer a very cheap international call rate and call plans. They follow privacy policy and assure their customers that the information given by them shall be kept safe. These cards can be purchased either online or from retail outlets. The customers can reap through different modes i.e. by a retailer, online, by sending a SMS or by making a phone call. This makes them convenient to use and more preferable than their counterparts. Simple mobile sim cards, due to these reasons, undoubtedly offer their customers with the best cellular service at the most reasonable price.

Goredpocket, makes easy to communicate your loved one through wireless services throughout the United States. We offer unlimited no contract cell phone plans and wireless phone plans which includes free international long distance to many destinations. To know more about low cost cell phone plans, simple mobile sim card and prepaid cell phone, visit our site to select the desired plan by clicking on the appropriate plan.

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